RIOC - La carta de la Red

La carta de la RIOC n° 27 - Mayo de 2019 16 África El proyecto europeo AfriAlliance (2016-2020) ha alcanzado su medio plazo y ha finalizado su tercer año con resultados muy positivos en sus acti- vidades. El proyecto tiene como objetivo desa- rrollar las habilidades de África para responder a los desafíos del cambio climático trabajando juntos y compar- tiendo soluciones innovadoras entre las redes existentes en África y Europa. La RIOC es uno de los socios en el consorcio, que incluye otras 14 redes en ambos continentes. Se realizaron nuevos talleres en Mali y Kenia para intercambiar sobre las necesidades y la innovación social relacionadas con el agua y los impac- tos del cambio climático. Concluye- ron el primer ciclo de reuniones entre organismos de cuenca, investigadores, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y servicios del agua. Los resultados de estos talleres con- tribuyeron a reflexionar sobre el estado de la investigación y disponibilidad de los resultados, y llevaron a propuestas para nuevas direcciones estratégicas en materia de financiación de la inves- tigación. El primer paso fue elaborar una lista de requisitos de innovación social. Luego, los socios recopilaron datos sobre soluciones existentes en respuesta a las necesidades identificadas. Las necesidades y los resultados de la investigación luego se ingresan en una base de datos administrada por la Oficina Internacional del Agua (OIA- gua), Secretaría de la RIOC, que tam- bién es responsable de producir un informe que presenta el estado general de la situación. En lo que concierne a la comunica- ción, una nueva serie de hojas infor- mativas temáticas sobre la innovación social se publicará próximamente. Una primera serie, disponible en francés e inglés, está disponible en la página web del proyecto y cubre el tema general de la vigilancia. Esta segunda serie se centra en la gestión de los recursos hídricos frente al cam- bio climático. El proyecto está iniciando una nueva fase de acontecimientos, esta vez centrada en la transferibilidad de las soluciones, invitando a los actores de campo y proveedores a reunirse en talleres de transferencia y talleres iti- nerantes que demuestran soluciones innovadoras en toda África. Toda esta información está disponi- ble en la página web. Natacha AMORSI OIAgua/RIOC n.amorsi@oieau.org AfriAlliance Soluciones innovadoras para el agua y el clima en África www.afrialliance.org afri alliance social innovation Monitoring « drinking water » quality for improved health in Africa The overall objective of the AfriAlliance Social Inno- vation Factsheets (SIF) is to highlight innovation oppor- tunities that scientists, NGOs, managers and SMEs can act upon, in order to foster short-term improvements in the preparedness of African stakeholders for water and climate change challenges. Over the duration of AfriAlliance (2016-2021), four setsofSIFswillbedelivered. Each setwill coveronemain theme and explore it across five Social Innovation Fact- sheets.Monitoring is themain themeof thisfirst seriesof SIFs, covering the followingfive sub-themes: Monitoring«drinkingwater»quality for improved health inAfrica (thisSIF). Monitoring ofwater availability in terms of quality and quantity for food security. Monitoring climate for early warning systems to prepare for extremeweather events. Monitoringgroundwaterquantity toensuresustai- nableuse and avoidwater conflicts. Monitoringwaterpollutionby industriesandurban areas to protecthumanhealth and ecosystems. As detailed below, social innovation combines four dimensions: technological,governance, capacitydevelop- ment and business roadmap. Each is described in a spe- cific section of this thematicSocial Innovation Factsheet. DESCRIPTION Access to safe and cleandrinking-water is abasichuman right, asdeclared during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2010.Moreover, an in- dicator and target on safe drinking-waterwas included in the UN Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, in2015. Climate change is recognised to have “both direct and indirect impact on human health” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013; UNECA, 2011). This social in- novation factsheet focuses on the link between climate (change) impact and water availability that endangerspopu- lation health as “many of Africa’s cur- renthealthproblemsarea resultof fre- quentcontactwithcontaminatedwater and open sewerage” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013;UNECA,2011).Outbreaksofdiseases transmittedbywaterhave amajor impact on human health through diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A andmany typesof diarrhoea.Water qualitymonitoring is as amajor concern forsociety. In termsofwaterqualityand its related impactsonhealth, twomain sources of pollution can be distinguished: chemical and (micro)biological. As thechemicalsource isgenerallychronicandof long term impact (except forac- cidental pollution),monitoring themicrobiological quality ofwater is of higher priority. The quality ofwater depending on the living area - urban or rural - varies a lot according to its source (rainwater, surfacewater or groundwater) as the water supplies’ treat-ment cost. Generally, groundwater sources are of better quality andmay only require source protection and disinfection,whereas sur- facewater is often contaminated and requires treatment before use. 1 2 3 4 5 SOCIETALCHALLENGES INAFRICADUE TOCLIMATECHANGE •Given themanifesta- tionsofClimateChange and theconstraintsof ecosystemsaswellas socio-economicsystems, thesocietalchallenges in Africaare to: –ensure foodsecurity, watersecurityandenergy securityand thebalance among them (short term), – transform intoa low carbon, resilientand sustainablesociety (long term). SOCIAL INNOVATION • InAfriAlliance, social innovationmeans tackling societal,water-related challenges arising from ClimateChange by combining the technological& non-technological dimensions of innovation. •Social innovation refers to those processes and outcomes focussed on addressing societal goals, unsatisfied collective needsor societal– asop- posed tomere economic – returns. It is particularly salient in the context of the complex and cross-cut- ting challenges that need tobe addressed in the field ofwater andClimateChange– andwhichwill not bemet by relying onmarket signals alone. •Social innovation consists of new combinations (or hybrids of existing andnew)products,pro- cesses and services. Inorder to succeed, social innovation needs to pay attention to technological aswell as non-technological dimensions : 1) tech- nology, 2) capacity development,3) governance structures and4) business roadmap. As such, these four dimensions of the social innovation process cut across organisational, sectoral and disciplinary boundaries and implynewpatterns of stakeholder involvement and learning. • The success of social innovation is relianton the accountability ofdiverse stakeholders and across all government levels. Social Innovation Factsheet #1 • MONITORING 1 y the EuropeanUnion’sHo- e. AfriAlliance facilitates the lders in the areas of water pacitydevelopmentby sup- sfer. 16 European and African es. The ultimate objective is climate change challenges. rWater Education (Project 2021. l level by identifying (non-) cal needs and challenges. velops strategic advice for eenAfrica and theEU. nitoring & Forecasting in ensor approach, whereby t sources are geo-spatially ydro-meteorological station izens. gh a series of events and nd-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- opean peers with relevant s solutions. ffice International de l’Eau), aternet). ational de l’Eau). 18/06/2018 10:10 Participantes en el proyecto AfriAlliance The Handbook on Data Collection AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the European Union’s Ho- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the coll boration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climate innovation, research, policy and capacity development by sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than creating new networks, the 16 European and African partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is led by the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (Project Director: Dr. Uta Wehn) and runs from 2016 to 2021. AfriAlliance activities Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaboration within Africa and between Africa and the EU. To help improve water and climate Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observation networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together African and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise to work jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), Uta Wehn (IHE Delft). Contributor: Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema (Waternet). Graphic Design: Gilles Papon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • AfricanClimatePolicyCenter (2013),Policybriefn°12,Climate change and health in Africa: Issues and options, ClimDev-Africa Programme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options, working paper 20. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS • Akvo database on proje ts about all stages of water, sanitation and hy- giene projects ( available online freely here ). • United Nations General Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 2010, 64/292. The human right to water and sanitation. • World Health Organization (2017), Guidelines for Drinking-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, 24th April. • World Health Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available onlinehere ). CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT • Vallejo, B. and Wehn, U. (2016) Capacity Development Evaluation: The Challenge of the Results Agenda and Measuring Return on Investment in Capacity Development in the Global South, World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, Tailor Made Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with the Ministry for Water and Environment (Uganda), Kampala, Uganda, 10-11 November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic per- formance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES • Lautze J., de Silva S., Giordano M., Sanford L., (2011), Putting the cart before the horse: Water governance and IWRM, Natural Resources Forum, 35, 1-8. • Wehn, U. (2017) Digital transformations and the governance of human societies, presentation at EC Joint Research Centre, ISPRA, Italy, 7 April. LIST OF ACRONYMS • CD : Capacity development. • SIF : Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO : World Health Organization. MORE INFORMATION Further re ing Pr sentation of AFRIALLIANCEHASRECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEANUNION’SHORIZON 2020 RESEARCHAND INNOVATIONPROGRAMMEUNDERGRANTAGREEMENTNO 689162 AfriAlliance1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2