RIOB - La lettre du Réseau

La lettre du RIOB n ° 27 - Mai 2019 16 Afrique Le projet européen AfriAlliance (2016- 2021) arrive à mi- parcours et termine sa troisième année avec un bilan très positif sur les différentes activités menées. Le projet a pour objectif de renforcer les capacités de l’Afrique à répondre aux enjeux liés au changement clima- tique en développant le travail conjoint et le partage de solutions innovantes entre réseaux existants d’Afrique et d’Europe. Le RIOB est l’un des partenaires au sein du consortium comptant 14 autres réseaux répartis en Europe et sur le continent Africain. De nouveaux ateliers d’échanges sur les besoins en innovation sociale liés à l’eau et aux impacts du changement cli- matique ont eu lieu au Mali et au Kenya, venant boucler un premier cycle de rencontres entre les organismes de bassin, les chercheurs, les organisa- tions de la société civile et les services d’eau. Les résultats de ces ateliers ont permis d’alimenter la réflexion sur l’état de la recherche, la disponibilité des résul- tats et, de proposer des orientations stratégiques nouvelles, en matière de financement de la recherche. Dans un premier temps, une liste de besoins en innovation sociale a été établie. Ensuite, les partenaires ont collecté des données sur les solutions existantes, en réponse aux besoins identifiés. Les besoins et résultats de recherche alimentent une base de données gérée par l’Office International de l’Eau, Secrétariat du RIOB, qui est aussi res- ponsable de la réalisation d’un rapport présentant un état des lieux général. En matière de communication, une nouvelle série de fiches thématiques sur l’innovation sociale est sur le point de voir le jour. Une première série disponible en fran- çais et en anglais sur le site du projet traitait du thème général de la surveil- lance. Cette seconde série s’intéresse à la gestion des ressources en eau, dans le contexte du changement climatique. Le projet entame une nouvelle phase d’événements mettant cette fois-ci à l’honneur la transférabilité des solu- tions en conviant les acteurs de terrain et les fournisseurs à se rencontrer lors d’ateliers de transfert et d’ateliers iti- nérants de démonstration de solutions innovantes à travers l’Afrique. Toutes les informations sont dispo­ nibles sur le site AfriAlliance. Natacha AMORSI OIEau/RIOB n.amorsi@oieau.org AfriAlliance Des solutions innovantes pour l’eau et le climat en Afrique DGENVIRONNEMENT DGEnvironment www.afrialliance.org afri alliance social innovation Monitoring « drinking water » quality for improved health in Africa The overall objective of the AfriAlliance Social Inno- vation Factsheets (SIF) is to highlight innovation oppor- tunities that scientists, NGOs, managers and SMEs can act upon, in order to foster short-term improvements in the preparedness of African stakeholders for water and climate change challenges. Over the duration of AfriAlliance (2016-2021), four setsofSIFswillbedelivered. Each setwill coveronemain theme and explore it across five Social Innovation Fact- sheets.Monitoring is themain themeof thisfirst seriesof SIFs, covering the followingfive sub-themes: Monitoring«drinkingwater»quality for improved health inAfrica (thisSIF). Monitoring ofwater availability in terms of quality and quantity for food security. Monitoring climate for early warning systems to prepare for extremeweather events. Monitoringgroundwaterquantity toensuresustai- nableuse and avoidwater conflicts. Monitoringwaterpollutionby industriesandurban areas to protecthumanhealth and ecosystems. As detailed below, social innovation combines four dimensions: technological,governance, capacitydevelop- ment and business roadmap. Each is described in a spe- cific section of this thematicSocial Innovation Factsheet. DESCRIPTION Access to safe and cleandrinking-water is abasichuman right, asdeclared during the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 2010.Moreover, an in- dicator and target on safe drinking-waterwas included in the UN Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, in2015. Climate change is recognised to have “both direct and indirect impact on human health” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013; UNECA, 2011). This social in- novation factsheet focuses on the link between climate (change) impact and water availability that endangerspopu- lation health as “many of Africa’s cur- renthealthproblemsarea resultof fre- quentcontactwithcontaminatedwater and open sewerage” (ClimDev-Africa, 2013;UNECA,2011).Outbreaksofdiseases transmittedbywaterhave amajor impact on human health through diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A andmany typesof diarrhoea.Water qualitymonitoring is as amajor concern forsociety. In termsofwaterqualityand its related impactsonhealth, twomain sources of pollution can be distinguished: chemical and (micro)biological. As thechemicalsource isgenerallychronicandof long term impact (except forac- cidental pollution),monitoring themicrobiological quality ofwater is of higher priority. The quality ofwater depending on the living area - urban or rural - varies a lot according to its source (rainwater, surfacewater or groundwater) as the water supplies’ treat-ment cost. Generally, groundwater sources are of better quality andmay only require source protection and disinfection,whereas sur- facewater is often contaminated and requires treatment before use. 1 2 3 4 5 SOCIETALCHALLENGES INAFRICADUE TOCLIMATECHANGE •Given themanifesta- tionsofClimateChange and theconstraintsof ecosystemsaswellas socio-economicsystems, thesocietalchallenges in Africaare to: –ensure foodsecurity, watersecurityandenergy securityand thebalance among them (short term), – transform intoa low carbon, resilientand sustainablesociety (long term). SOCIAL INNOVATION • InAfriAlliance, social innovationmeans tackling societal,water-related challenges arising from ClimateChange by combining the technological& non-technological dimensions of innovation. •Social innovation refers to those processes and outcomes focussed on addressing societal goals, unsatisfied collective needsor societal– asop- posed tomere economic – returns. It is particularly salient in the context of the complex and cross-cut- ting challenges that need tobe addressed in the field ofwater andClimateChange– andwhichwill not bemet by relying onmarket signals alone. •Social innovation consists of new combinations (or hybrids of existing andnew)products,pro- cesses and services. Inorder to succeed, social innovation needs to pay attention to technological aswell as non-technological dimensions : 1) tech- nology, 2) capacity development,3) governance structures and4) business roadmap. As such, these four dimensions of the social innovation process cut across organisational, sectoral and disciplinary boundaries and implynewpatterns of stakeholder involvement and learning. • The success of social innovation is relianton the accountability ofdiverse stakeholders and across all government levels. Social Innovation Factsheet #1 • MONITORING 1 y the EuropeanUnion’sHo- e. AfriAlliance facilitates the lders in the areas of water pacitydevelopmentby sup- sfer. 16 European and African es. The ultimate objective is climate change challenges. rWater Education (Project 2021. l level by identifying (non-) cal needs and challenges. velops strategic advice for eenAfrica and theEU. nitoring & Forecasting in ensor approach, whereby t sources are geo-spatially ydro-meteorological station izens. gh a series of events and nd-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- opean peers with relevant s solutions. ffice International de l’Eau), aternet). ational de l’Eau). 18/06/2018 10:10 Les participants au projet Afri-Alliance Manuel sur la collecte de données AfriAlliance AfriAlliance is a five year project funded by the European Union’s Ho- rizon 2020 research and innovation programme. AfriAlliance facilitates the collaboration of African and European stakeholders in the areas of water and climate innovation, research, policy and capacity development by sup- porting knowledge sharing and technology transfer. Rather than creating new networks, the 16 European and African partners in this project consolidate existing ones. The ultimate objective is to strengthen African preparedness for future climate change challenges. AfriAlliance is led by the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (Project Director: Dr. Uta Wehn) and runs from 2016 to 2021. AfriAlliance activities Africa-EU cooperation is taken to a practical level by identifying (non-) technological innovation and solutions for local needs and challenges. AfriAlliance also identifies constraints and develops strategic advice for improving collaboration within Africa and between Africa and the EU. To help improve water and climate Monitoring & Forecasting in Africa, AfriAlliance is developing a triple sensor approach, whereby water and climate data from three independent sources are geo-spatially collocated: space-based (satellites), in-situ hydro-meteorological station observation networks and data collected by citizens. Sharing of knowledge is facilitated through a series of events and through an innovative online platform. Demand-driven AfriAlliance ‘Ac- tion Groups’ bring together African and European peers with relevant knowledge and expertise to work jointly towards solutions. Realisation Authors: Natacha Amorsi, Sonia Siauve (Office International de l’Eau), Uta Wehn (IHE Delft). Contributor: Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema (Waternet). Graphic Design: Gilles Papon (Office International de l’Eau). References DESCRIPTION • AfricanClimatePolicyCenter (2013),Policybriefn°12,Climate change and health in Africa: Issues and options, ClimDev-Africa Programme. • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Po- licy Centre (2011), Climate change and health across Africa: issues and options, working paper 20. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS • Akvo database on projects about all stages of water, sanitation and hy- giene projects ( available online freely here ). • United Nations General Assembly, Sixty-fourth session - Agenda item 48, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 July 2010, 64/292. The human right to water and sanitation. • World Health Organization (2017), Guidelines for Drinking-Water qua- lity : Fourth edition incorporating the first addendum, 24th April. • World Health Organization (no date), Factsheets on environmental sani- tation, prepared by the Robens Institute, University of Surrey, UK ( available onlinehere ). CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT • Vallejo, B. and Wehn, U. (2016) Capacity Development Evaluation: The Challenge of th Results Agenda and Measuring Return on Inve tment in Capacity Development in the Global South, World Development, Vol. 79, pp.1-13, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.044. • Wehn, U. (2015) The Global Context: National Capacity Development Strategies, Tailor Made Training for contact points of Uganda’s National Water and Environment Capacity Development Strategy, in collaboration with the Ministry for Water and Environment (Uganda), Kampala, Uganda, 10-11 November. • North, D. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic per- formance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES • Lautze J., de Silva S., Giordano M., Sanford L., (2011), Putting the cart before the horse: Water governance and IWRM, Natural Resources Forum, 35, 1-8. • Wehn, U. (2017) Digital transformations and the governance of human societies, presentation at EC Joint Research Centre, ISPRA, Italy, 7 April. LIST OF ACRONYMS • CD : Capacity development. • SIF : Social Innovation Factsheet. • WHO : World Health Organization. MORE INFORMATION Further reading Presentation of AFRIALLIANCEHASRECEIVED FUNDING FROM THE EUROPEANUNION’SHORIZON 2020 RESEARCHAND INNOVATIONPROGRAMMEUNDERGRANTAGREEMENTNO 689162 AfriAlliance1.1 - v9B.indd 1-2