1. General Data
Basin: THANA AND ATHI RIVERS Country: KENYA
RBO Name: Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority
RBO Address: P.O. Box 47309 - NAIROBI - KENYA
Contact Person: A. M. M'ARIMI Position: Deputy Managing Director
Telephone: 254 02 535835 Fax: 254 02 535832/3
Email: tarda1@nbnet.co.ke    
Website:  

2. Institutional Setup
1. Basin area (square km): 167,000  
2. Population Total: 13 million % Rural: 60%
3. Annual precipitation (mm): Basin mean 720 mm  
4. Annual evapotranspiration (mm): 2000 mm per annum  
5. Water resources in the basin
(Million cubic meters per year):		 1362 million m3/year  
6. No. of Countries that Share the Basin: One (Kenya)  
7. Period (years) that decentralization took place: 28 years  
8. Year of RBO creation: 1974  
9. What are the main objectives of the RBO:
Flood Control Water ScarcityWater Conflictsriver regulation1-Other: water resource planning and development2-Other:
10. Measure success against objectives (scale 1-5):
Flood Control: Water Scarcity: Water Conflicts: 1-Other 2-Other
2. (25% success) 3. (50% success) 1- (0% success) 4. (75% success) 4. (75% success)
11. Governing body of the River basin organization (RBO): State Authority
Explain: Tarda Board appointed by the Central Government
12. Process by which the Governing Body was selected: Nomination By: N/A
Appointment By: Federal Government
Designation By: Federal Government
Explain:
Designation by Parliament ( the Government appoints the members, the Parliament prescribes the constitution of membership)
13. Laws of the land and decrees that govern the RBO: Statutes Tarda Act, Chapter 443 - State Corporation Act, chapter 446
14. Creation of the RBO (bottom-up/top down): Top-Down
Minister - Tarda Board - Management
15. Existing institutions that had to be dismantled in the decentralization process: None
16. New institutions that had to be created in the decentralization process: Other River/Lake Basin Development Authorities
17. Cost of decentralization process(e.g. creation of new institutions, etc):
Creation of new institutions: 1-low cost; 5-high cost
2
1-Other: None
2-Other: None
3-Other: None
18. Are there forums to hear disputes, how many and which ones: Yes 
District Water Boards, Catchment Water Boards, NB: These operate under the National Water Resources Directorate
19. Main types of disputes/issues that usually need to be resolved (Water Quality, Waste Disposal, Deforestation, Erosion, Agriculture Practices, Basin Infrastructure, Groundwater Polution, Flood, etc. Water pollution, waste disposal, water apportionment, erosion, agricultural practices (land use), basin infrastructure
20. Have water user associations been established: How many: What is their degree of involvement: No How many associations?NB: proposals for their establishment being discussed (2001/2002) 
Percentage of involvement (0%-100%):
21. What are the types of infrastructure in the basin:
Types of Infrastructure Quantity
Canals one (water unlined)
Reservoirs five (river reservoirs)
Dams five (earth fill embankments) two (reservoirs and dams)
Water Treatment two (wastewater ponds/)reservoirs
1-Other:  
2-Other:  

22. User types and share of use of the Basin's water:
User Types Share of Basin Water (%)
Irrigation: 10%
Industrial: 10%
Domestic: 50%
Hydropower: 30%
Environmental uses: N/A
1-Other: N/A
2-Other: N/A
3-Other: N/A

23. Organigram - Please attached the RBO organigram.
Attach your file here:

24. Share of types of water. Percentage (%) of users that use:

Types of Water Percentage (%)
Groundwater Only: N/A
Surface Water Only: N/A
Both Groundwater and Surface Water: N/A
1-Other: N/A
2-Other: N/A
3-Other: N/A

25. Indicators of problems before and after establishment of the RBO (check all that apply):

Water Resources Problems in the Basin
Before
After
Water scarcity
Severe problem
Situation improved
Floods
Some problem
Situation improved
Environmental Quality
Some problem
Situation same
Land Degradation
Some problem
Situation same
Water Conflicts
Some problem
Situation same
Development Issues
Severe problem
Situation improved
Other: HYDRO POWER
Severe problem
Situation improved

26. Responsibilities for decision making Before and After the creation of the RBO. Please indicate the share of decision making for the following areas (0-100%):

Responsibility for:
Before the creation of the RBO
After the creation of the RBO
% at local level
(e.g municipality)
% at Basin level
% at state/
provin-cial gov. level
% at national gov. level
% at local level (e.g municipality)
% at Basin level
% at state/provincial gov. level
% at
national
gov. level
Water Administration
10%
0%
20%
70%
10%
20%
20%
50%
Infrastructure Financing
10%
0%
0%
90%
10%
30%
30%
30%
Water quality enforcement
10%
0%
10%
80%
10%
40%
10%
40%
Setting water quality standards
0%
0%
0%
100%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Other (please explain)
PLANNING APORTIONMENT
10%
20%
10%
60%
10%
40%
10%
40%


3. Water Resource Management Instruments
Compare the situation before and after the existence of the RBO:
 
Before RBO
After RBO
27. Existence of water right types (e.g. concessions, permanent rights, short-term rights qualitative or quantitative): None
Water rights vested in the State		 None
The same
28. Who is responsible for awarding water rights: N/A
Water Authority Board, same body as before but with reference to RBO		 N/A
same
29. Who is responsible for water allocation? N/A
Water Apportionment Board		 N/A
same
30. Who is responsible for modeling and forecasting water availability? Federal
Central Government: Ministry of Water Development		 N/A
RBO for the designated river basin
31. Who is responsible for monitoring and enforcement of water quality? Federal
State: Ministry of Water Development		 Federal
State and RBO: Ministry with RBO monitoring
32. Who is responsible for collecting tariffs? Federal
State and appointed service provider, tariffs approved by State		 Federal
same arrangement (NB: proposed changes being discussed)

33. Water Tariff (if possible provide rates for various major uses):
User Group Water Tariff
Irrigation U$ 4.0/Ha/yr approximate for schemes
Industry U$ (0.15 - 0.60)/m3
Domestic U$ (0.15 - 0.60)/m3 for gazetted water undertakers
1-Other: permits  
2-Other:  
3-Other:  

34. Percent of users paying tariffs:
User Group Percentage who pay
Irrigation 0-10%
Industry 81-100%
Domestic 51-80%
1-Other: N/A
2-Other: N/A
3-Other: N/A

35. Which percentage of the tariff payments stays in the basin and which percentage goes to other destinations? Which destinations?
Stays in the Basin: 0%
Other Destinations: N/A
Which Destination: All go to the water undertakers and service providers - permits fees to Central Government

36. Extent/activities of private sector involvement in basin investments (e.g. water supply, water treatment, reservoir construction, basin infrastructure maintenance):
Percent Private Involvement: 0%
Explain: All activities are undertaken directly by State or State Corporations

37. Information sharing among all stakeholders (meetings, annual reports, websites):
Catchment board meetings, district water boards, RBO instituted forums during the planning of major water development projects

38. Capacity building for stakeholders (e.g. training courses, seminars, study tours):
annual seminars by NGOs, national state officials, RBOs - courses, seminars, study tours, limited by available finances

Financing:

39. Annual Budget (million dollars per year): 2.4 (av. of 5 yearsy
% budget allocated by external (government) agency:
 60%
Provide name of external agency:
Central Government Treasury (Ministry of Finance)
% budget derived from stakeholders in river basins:
 0%
% budget derived from other sources:
 40% (donors)

40. % budget used for investment in the Basin: 59%
41. % budget used for other development activities: combined under 40
42. % budget used for O&M: combined under 40
43. % budget used for water quality activities: combined under 40
44. % budget used for other: 41% personnel costs

Performance Indicators

45. Do you measure your basin's GDP?
No
If Yes, please indicate the basin's yearly GDP (million $ per year):
Year
GDP
  N/A
  N/A
  N/A

46. Basin land area utilized by various sectors:
Sector
Basin Area (km2)
Agriculture 20,000
Forests 15,000
Urban Zones 2,300
Open Land  
1-Other: National Parks/reserves
126,000
2-Other:
3,700
3-Other:

47. Various water quality indicators used in your Riverbasin:
Indicator
Value (units)
Dissolved Oxygen 25-45 mg/l
PH 6.8 - 8.0
Temperature 10 - 25°C
Conductivity 80 - 500 US/CM
Suspended Solids 40 - 1300 ppm
1-Other: Turbidity
20 - 90 NTU
2-Other: Fluoride
0.25 - 0.70 mg/l
3-Other: TDS
40 - 370 mg/l

48. Reduction in loss of production or productivity due to water scarcity or flooding: Describe verbally for the various sectors the situation before and after decentralization:
Reduced D/S flooding and reduction of water scarcity after RBO
49. Number of disputes over water allocations or water quality before and after creation of the RBO:
Not documented
50.Any other comments or clarifications including annexed material you think may be of value:
None

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ORGANIGRAM.doc