Basin: | THANA AND ATHI RIVERS | Country: | KENYA |
RBO Name: | Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority | ||
RBO Address: | P.O. Box 47309 - NAIROBI - KENYA | ||
Contact Person: | A. M. M'ARIMI | Position: | Deputy Managing Director |
Telephone: | 254 02 535835 | Fax: | 254 02 535832/3 |
Email: | tarda1@nbnet.co.ke | ||
Website: |
1. Basin area (square km): | 167,000 | |||||||||||||||
2. Population Total: | 13 million | % Rural: 60% | ||||||||||||||
3. Annual precipitation (mm): | Basin mean 720 mm | |||||||||||||||
4. Annual evapotranspiration (mm): | 2000 mm per annum | |||||||||||||||
5. Water resources in the basin (Million cubic meters per year): |
1362 million m3/year | |||||||||||||||
6. No. of Countries that Share the Basin: | One (Kenya) | |||||||||||||||
7. Period (years) that decentralization took place: | 28 years | |||||||||||||||
8. Year of RBO creation: | 1974 | |||||||||||||||
9. What are the main objectives of the RBO: Flood Control Water ScarcityWater Conflictsriver regulation1-Other: water resource planning and development2-Other: |
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10. Measure success against objectives (scale 1-5):
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11. Governing body of the River basin organization (RBO): | State Authority Explain: Tarda Board appointed by the Central Government |
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12. Process by which the Governing Body was selected: | Nomination By: N/A Appointment By: Federal Government Designation By: Federal Government Explain: Designation by Parliament ( the Government appoints the members, the Parliament prescribes the constitution of membership) |
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13. Laws of the land and decrees that govern the RBO: | Statutes Tarda Act, Chapter 443 - State Corporation Act, chapter 446 | |||||||||||||||
14. Creation of the RBO (bottom-up/top down): | Top-Down Minister - Tarda Board - Management |
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15. Existing institutions that had to be dismantled in the decentralization process: | None | |||||||||||||||
16. New institutions that had to be created in the decentralization process: | Other River/Lake Basin Development Authorities | |||||||||||||||
17. Cost of decentralization process(e.g. creation of new institutions, etc): |
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18. Are there forums to hear disputes, how many and which ones: | Yes District Water Boards, Catchment Water Boards, NB: These operate under the National Water Resources Directorate |
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19. Main types of disputes/issues that usually need to be resolved (Water Quality, Waste Disposal, Deforestation, Erosion, Agriculture Practices, Basin Infrastructure, Groundwater Polution, Flood, etc. | Water pollution, waste disposal, water apportionment, erosion, agricultural practices (land use), basin infrastructure | |||||||||||||||
20. Have water user associations been established: How many: What is their degree of involvement: | No How many associations?NB: proposals for their establishment
being discussed (2001/2002) Percentage of involvement (0%-100%): |
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21. What are the types of infrastructure in the basin: |
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User Types | Share of Basin Water (%) |
Irrigation: | 10% |
Industrial: | 10% |
Domestic: | 50% |
Hydropower: | 30% |
Environmental uses: | N/A |
1-Other: | N/A |
2-Other: | N/A |
3-Other: | N/A |
Types of Water | Percentage (%) |
Groundwater Only: | N/A |
Surface Water Only: | N/A |
Both Groundwater and Surface Water: | N/A |
1-Other: | N/A |
2-Other: | N/A |
3-Other: | N/A |
Water Resources Problems in the Basin |
Before
|
After
|
Water scarcity |
Severe problem
|
Situation improved
|
Floods |
Some problem
|
Situation improved
|
Environmental Quality |
Some problem
|
Situation same
|
Land Degradation |
Some problem
|
Situation same
|
Water Conflicts |
Some problem
|
Situation same
|
Development Issues |
Severe problem
|
Situation improved
|
Other: HYDRO POWER |
Severe problem
|
Situation improved
|
Responsibility for:
|
Before the creation of the RBO
|
After the creation of the RBO
| ||||||
% at local level
(e.g municipality) |
% at Basin level
|
% at state/
provin-cial gov. level |
% at national gov. level
|
% at local level (e.g municipality)
|
% at Basin level
|
% at state/provincial gov. level
|
% at
national gov. level |
|
Water Administration
|
10%
|
0%
|
20%
|
70%
|
10%
|
20%
|
20%
|
50%
|
Infrastructure Financing
|
10%
|
0%
|
0%
|
90%
|
10%
|
30%
|
30%
|
30%
|
Water quality enforcement
|
10%
|
0%
|
10%
|
80%
|
10%
|
40%
|
10%
|
40%
|
Setting water quality standards
|
0%
|
0%
|
0%
|
100%
|
0%
|
0%
|
0%
|
100%
|
Other (please explain)
PLANNING APORTIONMENT |
10%
|
20%
|
10%
|
60%
|
10%
|
40%
|
10%
|
40%
|
Before RBO
|
After RBO
| |
27. Existence of water right types (e.g. concessions, permanent rights, short-term rights qualitative or quantitative): | None Water rights vested in the State |
None The same |
28. Who is responsible for awarding water rights: | N/A Water Authority Board, same body as before but with reference to RBO |
N/A same |
29. Who is responsible for water allocation? | N/A Water Apportionment Board |
N/A same |
30. Who is responsible for modeling and forecasting water availability? | Federal Central Government: Ministry of Water Development |
N/A RBO for the designated river basin |
31. Who is responsible for monitoring and enforcement of water quality? | Federal State: Ministry of Water Development |
Federal State and RBO: Ministry with RBO monitoring |
32. Who is responsible for collecting tariffs? | Federal State and appointed service provider, tariffs approved by State |
Federal same arrangement (NB: proposed changes being discussed) |
User Group | Water Tariff |
Irrigation | U$ 4.0/Ha/yr approximate for schemes |
Industry | U$ (0.15 - 0.60)/m3 |
Domestic | U$ (0.15 - 0.60)/m3 for gazetted water undertakers |
1-Other: permits | |
2-Other: | |
3-Other: |
User Group | Percentage who pay |
Irrigation | 0-10% |
Industry | 81-100% |
Domestic | 51-80% |
1-Other: | N/A |
2-Other: | N/A |
3-Other: | N/A |
39. Annual Budget (million dollars per year): | 2.4 (av. of 5 yearsy |
% budget allocated by external (government) agency:
|
60% |
Provide name of external agency:
|
Central Government Treasury (Ministry of Finance) |
% budget derived from stakeholders in river basins:
|
0% |
% budget derived from other sources:
|
40% (donors) |
40. % budget used for investment in the Basin: | 59% |
41. % budget used for other development activities: | combined under 40 |
42. % budget used for O&M: | combined under 40 |
43. % budget used for water quality activities: | combined under 40 |
44. % budget used for other: | 41% personnel costs |
Year
|
GDP
|
N/A | |
N/A | |
N/A |
Sector
|
Basin Area (km2)
|
Agriculture | 20,000 |
Forests | 15,000 |
Urban Zones | 2,300 |
Open Land | |
1-Other: National Parks/reserves | 126,000 |
2-Other: | 3,700 |
3-Other: |
Indicator
|
Value (units)
|
Dissolved Oxygen | 25-45 mg/l |
PH | 6.8 - 8.0 |
Temperature | 10 - 25°C |
Conductivity | 80 - 500 US/CM |
Suspended Solids | 40 - 1300 ppm |
1-Other: Turbidity | 20 - 90 NTU |
2-Other: Fluoride | 0.25 - 0.70 mg/l |
3-Other: TDS | 40 - 370 mg/l |
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ORGANIGRAM.doc |